Structural Organisation in Animals – NEET 2025 Notes | Class 11 Biology Chapter 7 | Tissues + Earthworm + Cockroach + Frog

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🧬 1. Introduction

Hey NEET aspirants 👋
Let’s dive into the internal structure and organisation of animals — from tissues to organs to entire organisms.
You’ll master epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous tissues, plus NEET-focused examples: Earthworm, Cockroach, and Frog.

🧫 2. Animal Tissues

TypeKey FeatureExample
EpithelialCovers body surfacesSkin, Alveoli
ConnectiveBinds & supports bodyBone, Cartilage, Blood
MuscularMovementSkeletal, Smooth, Cardiac
NervousImpulse transmissionNeurons

🧠 Mnemonic: Every Cat Moves Nicely (Epithelial, Connective, Muscular, Nervous)

🐛 3. Earthworm (Digestion & Reproduction)

  • Segmented body, no bones.

  • Digestive Tract: Mouth → Pharynx → Gizzard → Intestine → Anus.

  • Circulation: Closed type with 5 hearts ♥️

  • Reproduction: Hermaphrodite (contains both sex organs).

💡 NEET Fact: Earthworm = “Farmer’s Friend.”

🪲 4. Cockroach (Anatomy & Systems)

  • Body Division: Head → Thorax → Abdomen (10 segments).

  • Respiration: Tracheal system with spiracles.

  • Circulation: Open type (blood without hemoglobin).

  • Nervous System: Segmental ganglia + double ventral nerve cord.

  • Reproduction:

    • Male: Gonapophysis

    • Female: Ovipositor (for egg laying).

💡 NEET Tip: Female cockroach lays ootheca (16 eggs).

🐸 5. Frog (Structure & Systems)

  • Habitat: Amphibian – lives on land & water.

  • Respiration: Lungs + skin + buccal cavity.

  • Circulation: Closed, three-chambered heart.

  • Excretion: Kidneys → Ureters → Cloaca.

  • Reproduction: External fertilization.

🧠 Mnemonic: “Frog’s Heart = 3 Chambers (2A + 1V)”

📘 6. NEET PYQs

Q1. How many chambers in a frog heart?
✅ Three (2 auricles + 1 ventricle)

Q2. Earthworm’s circulation is —
✅ Closed type

Q3. Respiratory organ of cockroach —
✅ Tracheal tubes

🌟 7. Quick Summary

  • Tissues → Organs → Systems → Organism.

  • Four main tissues: Epithelial, Connective, Muscular, Nervous.

  • Comparative anatomy of Earthworm, Cockroach, and Frog is high yield.

💚 8. Motivation Corner

“Even the simplest organisms are perfectly organized — just like your journey toward success.”



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