Embryo Sac in Angiosperms: Structure, Formation & NEET Important Points (7-celled 8-nucleate)

Embryo Sac in Angiosperms: Structure, Formation & NEET Important Points

If you study only one topic from Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants, make it the Embryo Sac. Direct questions appear every year in NEET.

What is Megagametogenesis?

Megagametogenesis is the process of formation of the female gametophyte (embryo sac) from a functional megaspore.

Simple: Megaspore → Embryo Sac

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How Does the Embryo Sac Form?

Step 1: Formation of Megaspores

Megaspore mother cell → Meiosis → 4 megaspores
3 degenerate
Only 1 functional (chalazal megaspore) remains

Step 2: 3 Mitotic Divisions

1st mitosis → 2 nuclei
2nd mitosis → 4 nuclei
3rd mitosis → 8 nuclei
Only nuclear division occurs (no cell wall initially)

Result: 7 cells, 8 nuclei

Distribution of Cells in Mature Embryo Sac

Micropylar End: 1 Egg cell + 2 Synergids (Egg apparatus)
Central Cell: 2 Polar nuclei (later form secondary nucleus)
Chalazal End: 3 Antipodal cells

Quick Table – Structure & Function

Structure	Number	Function
Egg Cell	1	Female gamete
Synergids	2	Guide pollen tube
Polar Nuclei	2	Form endosperm (3n)
Antipodals	3	Provide nutrition

NEET Important Points

Most common type → Polygonum type
Only chalazal megaspore survives
Mature embryo sac is 7-celled but 8-nucleate
Synergids have filiform apparatus

Remember these 3 points and you can solve any NEET question on this topic!

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