Biological Classification – NCERT Quick Revision with Examples for NEET 2025

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ntroduction:

“Biological Classification” is a foundational chapter that appears frequently in NEET Biology. Understanding the 5 Kingdom System, its features, and NCERT-based examples is crucial. Let’s revise the topic with important diagrams, tables, and mnemonics.


1. Need for Biological Classification

Over 1.7 million species discovered.

Classification helps in systematic study, identifying relationships, and easier naming.


2. Types of Classification Systems

Two Kingdom System – Proposed by Linnaeus (Plantae & Animalia)
❌ Lacked separation of prokaryotes, fungi, etc.

Five Kingdom System – Proposed by R.H. Whittaker (1969)
✅ Based on:

Cell type (prokaryotic/eukaryotic)

Body organization (unicellular/multicellular)

Mode of nutrition

Reproduction

Phylogenetic relationships



3. The Five Kingdoms – Overview Table

Kingdom Cell Type Nutrition Examples

Monera Prokaryotic Autotrophic/Heterotrophic Bacteria, Cyanobacteria
Protista Eukaryotic Mixotrophic Amoeba, Paramecium
Fungi Eukaryotic Saprophytic Yeast, Rhizopus
Plantae Eukaryotic Autotrophic Fern, Mango
Animalia Eukaryotic Heterotrophic Man, Dog, Hydra


4. Kingdom Monera (Bacteria)

Types of Bacteria:

Cocci, Bacilli, Spirilla, Vibrio


Nutrition:

Autotrophs (e.g. Cyanobacteria)

Heterotrophs (Saprophytic, Parasitic)


Special Concepts:

Mycoplasma – No cell wall

Archaebacteria – Extreme habitats

Halophiles, Thermoacidophiles, Methanogens



5. Kingdom Protista

All are unicellular eukaryotes

Include:

Chrysophytes – Diatoms (silica cell walls)

Dinoflagellates – Red tide (e.g. Gonyaulax)

Euglenoids – Euglena (mixotrophs)

Protozoans – Amoeba, Paramecium



🧠 Mnemonic: "Crazy Dinosaurs Eat Pies" = Chrysophytes, Dinoflagellates, Euglenoids, Protozoans


6. Kingdom Fungi

Nutrition: Heterotrophic (saprophytic/parasitic/symbiotic)

Structure: Mycelium, Hyphae (septate/aseptate)

Reproduction: Sexual & Asexual (spores)


Examples: Rhizopus, Penicillium, Agaricus


7. Kingdom Plantae & Animalia

Detailed study in Plant/Animal Kingdom chapters.

Focus on multicellularity, tissue organization, and life cycle.


8. Virus, Viroid, and Lichens (NCERT Hotspot)

Virus: Acellular, nucleic acid + protein coat (capsid)

Bacteriophage: T2, T4


Viroid: RNA only (Discovered by T.O. Diener)

Lichens: Symbiosis of algae + fungi

Alga = phycobiont (nutrition)

Fungus = mycobiont (support)


NEET Question Focus Areas

✅ Characteristics of Monera, Protista
✅ Virus structure & diagram
✅ Fungi classification
✅ Differences: Monera vs Protista vs Fungi
✅ Matching examples to kingdom

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