Cell Cycle and Cell Division – NEET 2025 Fast Track Revision with NCERT Diagrams

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Post Content:

Introduction:
"Cell Cycle and Cell Division" is one of the most conceptual and scoring chapters in NEET Botany. Questions are frequently asked on mitosis, meiosis, and phases of the cell cycle. NCERT keywords and diagrams are crucial.


1. Cell Cycle Overview

Cell Cycle: Series of events from one cell division to the next

Two phases:

Interphase (G1, S, G2) – 95% time

M phase (Mitosis or Meiosis)



Mnemonic for Interphase:
"Grow, Synthesize, Grow again" → G1, S, G2


2. Interphase Details

G1 Phase: Cell grows, prepares proteins

S Phase: DNA replication

Chromosomes double but chromosome number remains same


G2 Phase: Proteins for mitosis synthesized

3. Mitosis (Equational Division)

Occurs in somatic cells; important for growth.

Phases:

Prophase – Chromosomes condense, spindle forms

Metaphase – Chromosomes align at equator

Anaphase – Sister chromatids pulled apart

Telophase – Nuclear envelope reforms


🧠 Mnemonic: "PMAT" → Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

Cytokinesis: Division of cytoplasm

Plant: Cell plate formation

Animal: Cleavage furrow

4. Meiosis (Reductional Division)

Occurs in germ cells (testes/ovaries), forms gametes.

🧬 2 Divisions:

Meiosis I (Reductional)

Meiosis II (Equational)

5. Meiosis I – Key Events

Prophase I: Longest, complex – 5 stages (Leptotene to Diakinesis)

Crossing over happens in Pachytene

Chiasmata visible in Diplotene


Metaphase I: Homologous chromosomes align

Anaphase I: Homologs separate

Telophase I: Nucleus may or may not reform

6. Meiosis II – Like Mitosis

Sister chromatids separate

End Result: 4 haploid daughter cells


7. NEET-Specific Diagrams to Practice

Mitosis stages

Meiosis I & II stages

Cell cycle chart

NEET Question Tip:

Crossing over = Pachytene
Chiasmata = Diplotene

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