Morphology of Flowering Plants – NEET Short Notes + Diagrams (2025)

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Morphology of flowering plants 

Post Content:

Introduction:
In NEET 2025, you can expect 1–2 direct questions from Morphology of Flowering Plants. This post provides crisp NCERT-based notes, essential examples, and diagram-based explanations.

1. Root System

Types:

Tap Root: Dicots (e.g., Mustard)

Fibrous Root: Monocots (e.g., Wheat)

Adventitious Root: Banyan (prop roots), Maize (stilt roots)


Functions: Absorption, anchorage, storage

2. Stem

Aerial, ascending part with nodes/internodes

Modifications:

Rhizome (Ginger), Tuber (Potato), Runner (Grass)

3. Leaf

Parts: Leaf base, petiole, lamina

Phyllotaxy:

Alternate (Mustard), Opposite (Guava), Whorled (Alstonia)


Types of Venation:

Reticulate (Dicot), Parallel (Monocot)

4. Inflorescence

Types:

Racemose: Indefinite growth (e.g., Mustard)

Cymose: Definite growth (e.g., Jasmine)

5. Flower Parts (Floral Formula)

Whorls: Calyx, Corolla, Androecium, Gynoecium

Use floral formula of Solanaceae, Fabaceae, and Liliaceae

6. Fruit

True Fruit: From ovary

False Fruit: From parts other than ovary (e.g., Apple)

7. Seed

Dicot: Two cotyledons, e.g., Gram

Monocot: One cotyledon, e.g., Maize

Endosperm present in monocots

Important Diagrams to Practice:

Types of root systems

Floral diagram of Fabaceae

Phyllotaxy types

Mnemonic for Floral Formula (Fabaceae):

K(5) C1+2+(2) A(9)+1 G1
(Keerthi Comes Around Girish – Just to remember order: K, C, A, G*)

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