Morphology of Flowering Plants – NEET Short Notes + Diagrams (2025)

 

Morphology of flowering plants 

Introduction:

You might have read notes on morphology. This ncert based note will change your mind strategy and give you strength of content with concept. Go through entire article and believe me that you will get through self-study idea for the chapter. This article gives you ncert based strategy for better scoring in NEET.

1. Root System

Types:

Tap Root: Dicots (e.g., Mustard)

Fibrous Root: Monocots (e.g., Wheat)

Adventitious Root: Banyan (prop roots), Maize (stilt roots)

Functions: Absorption, anchorage, storage

2. Stem

Aerial, ascending part with nodes/internodes

Modifications:

Rhizome (Ginger), Tuber (Potato), Runner (Grass)

3. Leaf

Parts: Leaf base, petiole, lamina

Phyllotaxy:

Alternate (Mustard), Opposite (Guava), Whorled (Alstonia)

Types of Venation:

Reticulate (Dicot), Parallel (Monocot)

4. Inflorescence

Types:

Racemose: Indefinite growth (e.g., Mustard)

Cymose: Definite growth (e.g., Jasmine)

5. Flower Parts (Floral Formula)

Whorls: Calyx, Corolla, Androecium, Gynoecium

Use floral formula of Solanaceae, Fabaceae, and Liliaceae

6. Fruit

True Fruit: From ovary

False Fruit: From parts other than ovary (e.g., Apple)

7. Seed

Dicot: Two cotyledons, e.g., Gram

Monocot: One cotyledon, e.g., Maize

Endosperm present in monocots

Important Diagrams to Practice:

Types of root systems

Floral diagram of Fabaceae

Phyllotaxy types

Mnemonic for Floral Formula (Fabaceae):

K(5) C1+2+(2) A(9)+1 G1

(Keerthi Comes Around Girish – Just to remember order: K, C, A, G*)

Thank you so much.

Regards,

Himansu