Plant Kingdom Made Easy – Mnemonics and Summary Notes for NEET 2025

🧬 Why Is the Plant Kingdom Important for NEET?

Weightage: 3–4 MCQs every year

Source: Direct from NCERT lines and diagrams

Tip: Focus on life cycles, alternation of generations, and examples

🌿 Classification of Plant Kingdom

According to the Whittaker system, plants are classified under Kingdom Plantae.

Major Divisions:

1. Algae

2. Bryophyta

3. Pteridophyta

4. Gymnosperms

5. Angiosperms

🌊 1. Algae

Features:

Aquatic, autotrophic

Simple body (thallus), non-vascular

Subtypes:

Chlorophyceae (Green)

Phaeophyceae (Brown)

Rhodophyceae (Red)

🧠 Mnemonic: “Cool People Rock” → Chlorophyceae, Phaeophyceae, Rhodophyceae

🌿 2. Bryophyta – “Amphibians of the Plant Kingdom”

Features:

Live in moist areas

Lack true roots/stems/leaves

Dominant gametophyte

Examples: Moss, Liverwort

🧠 Mnemonic: “BRYo lives in Moist Mansion” (BRYophyta = Moist habitats)

🌱 3. Pteridophyta – “First Vascular Plants”

Features:

True roots, stems, leaves

Both gametophyte and sporophyte independent

First time vascular tissue appears

Examples: Ferns, Marsilea, Selaginella

🧠 Mnemonic: “Peter has Ferns in his Vessels”

🌲 4. Gymnosperms – “Naked Seeds”

Features:

Seeds not enclosed in fruits

Cones instead of flowers

Taproot system

Examples: Cycas, Pinus, Ginkgo

🧠 Mnemonic: “Gym = Strong Pine Cones”

🌸 5. Angiosperms – “Flowering Plants”

Features:

Seeds enclosed within fruits

Vascular tissues well developed

Dominant sporophyte

Subdivided into:

Monocots: One cotyledon (e.g., Maize, Grass)

Dicots: Two cotyledons (e.g., Mustard, Mango)

🧠 Mnemonic:

“Mono = Parallel, Di = Reticulate” (for venation patterns)

🔁 Alternation of Generations

Life cycle alternates between haploid gametophyte and diploid sporophyte

Seen in all plant groups with variation in dominance

🧠 Mnemonic: “Gamy and Spory take turns”