Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants – NEET Notes with Diagrams & Mnemonics

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🌸 Introduction

Occurs in angiosperms (flowering plants)

Involves: formation of male & female gametes, pollination, fertilization, and seed formation


🧠 Mnemonic: “PMF - Pollination → Male gametes → Fertilization”


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🌱 Phases of Sexual Reproduction in Plants

🔹 1. Pre-Fertilization Events

A. Gametogenesis
Formation of male (pollen) and female (egg) gametes

Male: Microsporogenesis → Microgametogenesis

Female: Megasporogenesis → Megagametogenesis


B. Pollination
Transfer of pollen from anther to stigma

Types: Autogamy, Geitonogamy, Xenogamy



🧠 Trick to remember types:
A-G-X = Same-Same-Different


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🔹 2. Fertilization (Syngamy)

Entry of pollen tube into ovule → release of two male gametes

One fuses with egg = zygote

Other fuses with polar nuclei = endosperm
➡️ Double fertilization – unique to angiosperms


🧠 Mnemonic: “Zygote + Endosperm = 2 Fertilizations”


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🔹 3. Post-Fertilization Events

Zygote → Embryo

Endosperm develops (nourishes embryo)

Ovule → Seed

Ovary → Fruit



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🌼 Structure of Flower

Whorl Function

Calyx (Sepals) Protects bud
Corolla (Petals) Attract pollinators
Androecium Male reproductive part (Stamen = Anther + Filament)
Gynoecium Female part (Carpel = Stigma + Style + Ovary)


🧠 Mnemonic: "Ca-Co-An-Gy" = Sepals-Petals-Male-Female


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📊 Quick Comparison Table

Feature Male Part Female Part

Reproductive Unit Pollen grain Embryo sac
Produced By Microsporangium Megasporangium (ovule)
Process Microsporogenesis Megasporogenesis



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📌 NEET Key Points

✅ Double fertilization is a hallmark of angiosperms
✅ Embryo sac = 7-celled, 8-nucleated
✅ Pollination types are frequently asked
✅ Endosperm forms before embryo in most plants

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