Plant Kingdom – Classification, Features & Importance

-

What is the Plant Kingdom?

The Plant Kingdom (Plantae) includes all multicellular, eukaryotic, and autotrophic organisms. They have cell walls made of cellulose and contain chlorophyll for photosynthesis.


---

Classification of Plant Kingdom

According to R.H. Whittaker’s Five Kingdom Classification, plants belong to Kingdom Plantae. They are further classified into:

1. Algae – Simple, thalloid, autotrophic plants, mostly aquatic.

Example: Chlamydomonas, Spirogyra



2. Bryophytes – Non-vascular plants, also known as amphibians of the plant kingdom.

Example: Moss (Funaria), Liverwort (Riccia)



3. Pteridophytes – First vascular plants, having xylem and phloem.

Example: Ferns (Marsilea, Selaginella)



4. Gymnosperms – Naked seed plants, mostly evergreen.

Example: Cycas, Pinus



5. Angiosperms – Flowering plants with seeds enclosed inside fruits.

Example: Mango, Sunflower





---

Importance of Plant Kingdom

🌱 Oxygen Production – Plants release oxygen during photosynthesis.
🌱 Food Source – They provide carbohydrates, proteins, fats, fruits, and vegetables.
🌱 Medicinal Value – Many plants are used in Ayurveda, Unani, and modern medicine.
🌱 Ecological Balance – Plants maintain carbon dioxide and oxygen levels in the atmosphere.
🌱 Industrial Uses – Timber, paper, rubber, oils, and fibers come from plants.


---

Key Points for Students

Algae → Aquatic, photosynthetic

Bryophytes → Amphibians of plant kingdom

Pteridophytes → First vascular plants

Gymnosperms → Naked seeds

Angiosperms → Flowering plants with fruits


👉 Remember this sequence: ABPGA (Algae → Bryophytes → Pteridophytes → Gymnosperms → Angiosperms)


---

Conclusion

The Plant Kingdom forms the backbone of life on Earth. From providing food and oxygen to maintaining ecological balance, plants are truly the life-sustainers of our planet.

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

🌱 Plant Growth and Development: Role of Hormones in NEET & CBSE Biology

-
Image
Introduction Plant growth and development are crucial chapters in both NEET and CBSE Class 11 Biology. Understanding how plants grow and how hormones regulate this process is important not just for exams, but also for grasping key concepts in plant physiology. --- 🌿 What is Plant Growth? Growth in plants refers to an irreversible increase in size, usually accompanied by an increase in dry mass. It involves cell division (mitosis), cell elongation, and cell differentiation. Plant growth is indeterminate, meaning it continues throughout their life due to the presence of meristems (actively dividing tissues). --- 🔍 Phases of Growth 1. Meristematic Phase – cells are actively dividing. 2. Elongation Phase – cells elongate and expand in size. 3. Maturation Phase – cells differentiate and mature into specific tissues. --- 📈 Growth Curve Follows a sigmoid curve (S-shaped). Has four phases: 1. Lag Phase (slow growth), 2. Log Phase (rapid growth), 3. Declining Phase (slowdown), 4....
Read more

NEET 2025 – Cell: The Unit of Life | NCERT-Based Notes + Diagrams

-
Image
Post Content: Introduction: "Cell: The Unit of Life" is a conceptual and factual chapter. NEET 2025 can include diagram-based MCQs and questions from cell organelles and types of cells. Focus on NCERT keywords and functions. 1. Discovery of Cell Discovered by Robert Hooke in 1665 (cork cell) Cell Theory by Schleiden & Schwann Rudolf Virchow: "Omnis cellula-e-cellula" – cells arise from pre-existing cells 2. Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Cells Feature Prokaryote (Bacteria) Eukaryote (Plants/Animals) Nucleus Absent Present Organelles No membrane-bound Membrane-bound Ribosome Type 70S 80S Cell Wall Peptidoglycan Cellulose (plants) 3. Cell Organelles Nucleus: Double membrane, contains nucleolus and chromatin Mitochondria: Powerhouse, double membrane, has its own DNA Plastids: Chloroplast: Green, photosynthesis, has DNA Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): Rough ER: Protein synthesis Smooth ER: Lipid synthesis Golgi Apparatus: Modifies & packages proteins Lysosome...
Read more

Plant Growth Regulators: Types, Functions, and NEET Insights

-
Image
Introduction Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs) are organic compounds that influence physiological processes in plants. These are also called phytohormones and are essential for growth, development, dormancy, flowering, fruiting, and stress responses. For NEET aspirants, understanding PGRs is crucial as they frequently appear in exams. --- Types of Plant Growth Regulators 1. Auxins Discovered by F.W. Went. Promote cell elongation, apical dominance, root initiation, and prevent premature fruit drop. Example: Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), NAA. 2. Gibberellins Discovered from the fungus Gibberella fujikuroi. Promote stem elongation, seed germination, and break dormancy. Example: GA₃ (Gibberellic acid). 3. Cytokinins Promote cell division, delay senescence, and stimulate lateral shoot growth. Example: Kinetin, Zeatin. 4. Abscisic Acid (ABA) Known as a stress hormone. Induces seed dormancy, stomatal closure, and inhibits growth. 5. Ethylene A gaseous hormone. Promotes fruit ripening, ...
Read more