🌍 Introduction
Jab duniya mein itne saare organisms hain – bacteria se leke humans tak – toh unko samajhne ke liye classification zaroori hai. 🌱
Pehle Aristotle ne living beings ko 2 groups mein divide kiya: Plants & Animals.
But science aage badhi aur Whittaker (1969) ne diya Five Kingdom Classification – jo NEET ke liye super important hai!
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🏰 Five Kingdom Classification (R.H. Whittaker, 1969)
1. Monera
Prokaryotes (nucleus absent)
Examples: Bacteria, Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae)
Mode of nutrition: Autotrophic ya heterotrophic
👉 NEET Tip: Peptidoglycan cell wall = Monera
2. Protista
Eukaryotic unicellular organisms
Examples: Amoeba, Paramecium, Euglena
Special: Euglena = Plant + Animal dono ke features
3. Fungi
Heterotrophic, saprophytic organisms
Cell wall = Chitin
Examples: Mushroom, Yeast, Rhizopus
👉 NEET Favourite: Yeast = Unicellular fungus
4. Plantae
Multicellular, autotrophic, photosynthetic
Example: Mango tree, Neem, Ferns
5. Animalia
Multicellular, heterotrophic, no cell wall
Example: Human, Lion, Fish
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🦠 Viruses, Viroids & Lichens (Extra Edge for NEET)
Viruses: Non-cellular, DNA/RNA inside protein coat (capsid).
👉 NEET Q: Virus living hai sirf host ke andar.
Viroids: Infectious RNA without protein coat.
👉 Discovered by T.O. Diener.
Lichens: Symbiotic association of Algae + Fungus.
👉 Fungus = provides shelter & water; Algae = photosynthesis.
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📝 Quick Revision
Whittaker → Five Kingdom Classification.
Monera = Prokaryotes; Protista = Unicellular Eukaryotes.
Fungi = Chitin wall, heterotrophic.
Virus = Non-cellular, needs host.
Lichen = Algae + Fungus symbiosis.
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❓ NEET FAQs
Q1. Five Kingdom Classification kisne diya?
👉 R.H. Whittaker (1969).
Q2. Virus ko living ya non-living maana jata hai?
👉 Host ke andar living, bahar non-living.
Q3. Lichen kis type ka organism hai?
👉 Symbiotic → Algae + Fungus.
