Biological Classification – NEET 2025 Notes | Class 11 Biology Chapter 2 | Easy Explanation

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biological classification neet notes

biological classification class 11 ncert summary

five kingdom classification neet

monera protista fungi plantae animalia notes

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🪴 Blog Structure

🌿 1. Introduction

Hello NEET Aspirants 👋
In this post, we will decode Biological Classification — one of the most concept-rich chapters of Class 11 Biology.
Let’s understand how scientists divided the vast living world into systematic groups, simplifying life’s diversity into clear categories.


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🧬 2. History of Classification

Aristotle (First attempt): Classified animals based on habitat (air, land, water).

Linnaeus (2 Kingdoms): Plantae and Animalia.

Whittaker (1969): 5 Kingdoms — Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia.



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🌍 3. Whittaker’s Five Kingdom Classification

Kingdom Cell Type Cell Wall Nutrition Example

Monera Prokaryotic Yes (peptidoglycan) Autotrophic & heterotrophic Bacteria
Protista Eukaryotic Variable Autotrophic/heterotrophic Amoeba, Paramecium
Fungi Eukaryotic Chitin Heterotrophic (saprophytic) Yeast, Mushroom
Plantae Eukaryotic Cellulose Autotrophic Moss, Fern, Mango
Animalia Eukaryotic No Heterotrophic Human, Dog, Lion


🧠 Mnemonic: M-P-F-P-A → Many People Find Plants Amazing 🌿


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🦠 4. Kingdom Monera

Prokaryotic, unicellular, cell wall → peptidoglycan.

Examples: Bacteria, Cyanobacteria (Blue-green algae).

Reproduction: Binary fission.

Special Feature: Some fix nitrogen (e.g., Anabaena).



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🌊 5. Kingdom Protista

Unicellular eukaryotes.

Examples: Amoeba, Paramecium, Euglena.

Locomotion: Flagella, cilia, or pseudopodia.

Reproduction: Asexual (binary fission) and sexual (syngamy).



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🍄 6. Kingdom Fungi

Heterotrophic → Saprophytic or parasitic.

Cell wall: Chitin.

Examples: Yeast, Rhizopus, Agaricus.

Reproduction: Asexual (spores) + sexual.



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🌳 7. Kingdom Plantae & Animalia

Plantae: Photosynthetic, multicellular.

Animalia: No cell wall, complex organ systems.



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📘 8. PYQs

Q1. Who proposed the Five Kingdom Classification?
✅ R.H. Whittaker (1969)

Q2. What type of nutrition is found in fungi?
✅ Saprophytic or parasitic.

Q3. Which kingdom includes bacteria?
✅ Monera.


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🌟 9. Quick Summary

Classification evolved from 2 → 5 kingdoms.

Whittaker’s system is based on cell structure, organization, nutrition, and reproduction.

Monera = prokaryotes; Protista = unicellular eukaryotes; Fungi = chitin walls.

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