Morphology of Flowering Plants – NEET 2025 Notes | Class 11 Biology Chapter 4 | Diagrams + Mnemonics

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🌿 1. Introduction

Hello NEET aspirants 👋
In this post, we’ll decode the Morphology of Flowering Plants — a visual-rich topic that helps you understand plant parts, their modifications, and floral structures.
This is one of the most question-heavy chapters in NEET Botany.

🌱 2. Root System

  • Types: Tap root (dicot), Fibrous root (monocot).

  • Modifications:

    • Storage: Carrot, Turnip.

    • Respiration: Pneumatophores (mangroves).

    • Support: Prop roots (Banyan).

    • Climbing: Climbing roots (Money plant).

🧠 Mnemonic: “Some Really Cool Plants Climb” → Storage, Respiration, Climbing, Prop.

🌿 3. Stem

  • Bears leaves, branches, flowers.

  • Modifications:

    • Storage: Potato, Ginger.

    • Support: Tendrils (Cucumber).

    • Protection: Thorns (Bougainvillea).

    • Climbing: Money plant, Grapevine.

🍃 4. Leaf

  • Parts: Petiole, Lamina, Midrib.

  • Venation:

    • Reticulate → Dicots

    • Parallel → Monocots

  • Modifications:

    • Tendrillar (Pea), Insect-trap (Pitcher Plant), Spines (Cactus).

🌸 5. Inflorescence

  • Racemose: Main axis continues to grow (e.g., Mustard).

  • Cymose: Main axis terminates in a flower (e.g., Hibiscus).

🌼 6. Flower

  • Whorls: Calyx, Corolla, Androecium, Gynoecium.

  • Sexuality: Bisexual or unisexual.

  • Symmetry: Actinomorphic (Radial), Zygomorphic (Bilateral).

  • Floral formula: ⚥ K(5) C(5) A(5) G(2)

🧠 Tip: Practice drawing at least 3 floral formulas — Brassica, Fabaceae, and Solanaceae.

🍏 7. Fruit

  • Types:

    • Simple (Mango), Aggregate (Strawberry), Multiple (Pineapple).

🌾 8. Seed

  • Monocot vs Dicot Difference:

    • Monocot → Single cotyledon (Maize).

    • Dicot → Two cotyledons (Bean).

📘 9. PYQs

Q1. Tap root is found in —
✅ Mustard (Dicot)

Q2. Floral formula ⚥ K(5) C(5) A(5) G(2) belongs to —
✅ Solanaceae (Brinjal family)

🌟 10. Summary Table

Plant PartModification ExampleFunction
RootTurnipStorage
StemPotatoFood storage
LeafPitcher PlantInsect trap
FlowerHibiscusReproduction

💚 11. Motivation Corner

“Every flower blooms from structure, just like every success grows from clarity.”

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