Plant Growth and Development – NEET 2025 Simplified Notes by Botany Sir Himansu
Hey NEET Aspirants 👋
Do you ever feel confused between auxins, gibberellins, and cytokinins? Don’t worry — today we’ll make Plant Growth and Development super easy for you! 🌿
This is one of those chapters where NEET loves to test your concepts + NCERT lines + logic.
So, let’s decode this chapter together in the simplest way possible — NEET-style!
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🌿 1️⃣ What is Plant Growth?
Plant Growth = Increase in size, mass, and number of cells.
Simple na? But the magic is in how plants manage this growth. 🌱
Unlike animals, plants grow throughout life because of special dividing tissues called Meristems.
These meristems keep producing new cells at specific locations.
🪴 Three types of growth:
1. Primary Growth – increase in length (apical meristem)
2. Secondary Growth – increase in girth (lateral meristem)
3. Intercalary Growth – growth at nodes (seen in grasses)
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🌱 2️⃣ Phases of Growth – The 3 Golden Steps
You must have seen the famous S-shaped growth curve in NCERT.
That curve shows the three important growth phases:
1. Lag Phase: Slow start (cells adjusting)
2. Log Phase: Rapid cell division (fastest growth)
3. Stationary Phase: Growth stops (no new cells divide)
💡 Trick to remember: “L-L-S = Lag, Log, Stationary.”
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🌿 3️⃣ Factors Affecting Plant Growth
Plant growth depends on both internal (hormones) and external factors (light, temperature, nutrients).
🌞 External Factors:
Light = triggers photoperiodism 🌄
Temperature = affects enzyme activity
Water = helps cell elongation
🌿 Internal Factors:
Hormones like Auxins, Cytokinins, Gibberellins, ABA, Ethylene control various processes.
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🌱 4️⃣ Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs) – The Magic Molecules
Now, let’s make PGRs easy for NEET!
Hormone Function Fun Trick
Auxin Cell elongation, root formation “Auxin = Aage badho”
Gibberellin Stem elongation, seed germination “Grow taller with GA!”
Cytokinin Cell division, delay aging “Cytokinin = Cell ka mitra”
ABA (Abscisic Acid) Dormancy, stress response “ABA = Always Be Alert”
Ethylene Fruit ripening “Ethylene = Mithas wali gas” 🍌
🧠 NEET Tip: Auxin + Cytokinin = Tissue culture growth booster 🌱
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🌿 5️⃣ Photoperiodism and Vernalization – NCERT’s Favourites
These two topics give direct NEET questions every year.
🌸 Photoperiodism:
Response of plants to day/night length.
Short-day plants = Chrysanthemum
Long-day plants = Wheat
❄️ Vernalization:
Requirement of low temperature for flowering (example: Wheat, Barley).
Trick: “Vernalization = Winter wali preparation!”
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🌱 6️⃣ Differentiation, Dedifferentiation, and Redifferentiation
Sounds tough? Let’s simplify:
Differentiation: Cells become special (like Xylem or Phloem).
Dedifferentiation: Specialized cell becomes dividing again (e.g., Cambium).
Redifferentiation: New dividing cell again becomes specialized.
🪴 NEET Tip: Cambium is the best example of dedifferentiation!
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🌿 7️⃣ NEET Question Trends
📊 Commonly asked topics:
Growth curve
PGR full forms
Hormone functions
Photoperiodism examples
💡 Always mark NCERT tables — NEET loves direct lines like:
> “Ethylene is the only gaseous PGR.”
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🌱 8️⃣ Quick Revision Summary
📘 Growth = Permanent increase in size
🌿 Phases = Lag → Log → Stationary
💧 PGRs = Auxin, GA, Cytokinin, ABA, Ethylene
🌸 Photoperiodism = Day length response
❄️ Vernalization = Cold-induced flowering
Revise this summary 3–4 times before NEET and you’ll never forget it!
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🌿 Final Words by Botany Sir Himansu
> “If you understand plant hormones, you understand how life balances growth and rest.”
Stay consistent, stay curious, and let your concepts bloom 🌱
Because every concept mastered is a step closer to NEET success.
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🔗 Internal Links
Photosynthesis in Higher Plants – NEET 2025 Notes
Plant Growth Regulators Explained in 5 Minutes
Most Important Plant Physiology Questions for NEET
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