Morphology of Flowering Plants NEET 2025 Notes | Class 11

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🌍 Introduction

Flowering plants (Angiosperms) humari daily life ka bhi part hain aur NEET ke syllabus ka bhi important hissa. Is chapter mein aapko plant parts ka external structure samajhna hota hai – roots, stems, leaves, inflorescence, flower, fruit aur seed.

👉 NEET mein is chapter se 4–5 questions fix aate hain, mostly examples-based.


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🌱 Root System

Tap Root System → Dikot plants (Pea, Mango).

Fibrous Root System → Monokot plants (Wheat, Rice).

Adventitious Roots → Arise from any part other than radicle (Maize, Banyan).


🔹 Root Modifications (for NEET direct questions):

Prop roots → Banyan tree.

Pneumatophores → Mangroves.

Storage roots → Carrot, Radish.



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🌿 Stem System

Usually aerial, erect & photosynthetic.

Nodes + internodes present.

Bears branches, leaves, flowers, fruits.


🔹 Stem Modifications:

Tendrils → For climbing (Grapevine).

Thorns → For protection (Bougainvillea).

Rhizome → Underground stem (Ginger).

Tubers → Storage stem (Potato).



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🍃 Leaf

Main site of photosynthesis.

Three parts → Leaf base, petiole, lamina.


🔹 Types of leaves:

Simple (Mango).

Compound → Pinnate (Neem), Palmate (Silk cotton).


🔹 Modifications:

Tendrils (Pea).

Spines (Cactus).



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🌼 Inflorescence & Flower

Inflorescence → Arrangement of flowers.

Racemose (indeterminate).

Cymose (determinate).


Flower → Reproductive unit, four whorls:

1. Calyx


2. Corolla


3. Androecium (male)


4. Gynoecium (female)




👉 Floral formula & floral diagram NEET ke liye bahut important hai.


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🍎 Fruits & Seeds

Fruit = Ripened ovary.

Types:

Simple (Mango).

Aggregate (Strawberry).

Multiple (Pineapple).


Seed = Fertilized ovule.

Dicot seed (Bean).

Monocot seed (Maize).




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📝 Quick NEET Revision

Tap root → Dicots.

Fibrous root → Monocots.

Stem tuber → Potato.

Compound leaf → Neem.

Aggregate fruit → Strawberry.



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❓ NEET FAQs

Q1. Potato is root or stem?
👉 Stem (underground modified stem).

Q2. Which inflorescence is found in sunflower?
👉 Capitulum (special type of racemose).

Q3. Example of aggregate fruit?
👉 Strawberry.

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