Bryophyta – Complete NCERT Notes, Examples, Life Cycle & MCQs for NEET 2026

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Introduction


Bryophyta is an important group in Plant Kingdom and is frequently asked in NEET exams. These are simple, non-vascular plants and are known as the amphibians of the plant kingdom.


🌿 What is Bryophyta?


Bryophytes are small, green plants that grow in moist and shady places. They lack true roots, stems, and leaves.
👉 Instead, they have rhizoids for attachment.

🌱 Key Characteristics


Non-vascular plants (no xylem, phloem)
Require water for reproduction
Mostly found in moist areas
Body is thallus-like or leafy
Gametophyte is dominant phase

🧠 Why are Bryophytes called Amphibians?


Bryophytes are called amphibians because:
They live on land
But require water for reproduction
👉 This is a very important NEET question

🔄 Life Cycle of Bryophyta


Dominant phase → Gametophyte
Sporophyte depends on gametophyte
Shows alternation of generations
🌼 Examples of Bryophyta
Marchantia
Funaria
Riccia

👉 For full classification, read:
Plant Kingdom Classification – NCERT Notes & MCQs


🧪 MCQs for Practice


Q1. Bryophytes are called amphibians because:
A. They live in water
B. They live on land
C. They need water for reproduction ✅
D. They are aquatic

Q2. Dominant phase in Bryophyta is:
A. Sporophyte
B. Gametophyte ✅
C. Both equal
D. None

Q3. Bryophytes lack:
A. Leaves
B. Stem
C. Vascular tissue ✅
D. Chlorophyll

Q4. Example of Bryophyte is:
A. Fern
B. Moss ✅
C. Pinus
D. Mango

🔁 Quick Revision
Non-vascular plants


Gametophyte dominant
Require water
Called amphibians

📌 Conclusion


Bryophyta is a simple but important group in Plant Kingdom. Focus on key features, life cycle, and examples for NEET preparation.

Thank you so much.
Regards,
Himansu 

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