4 Biodiversity Hotspots of India You Must Know

How Many Biodiversity Hotspots Are There in India?

Answer: India has 4 biodiversity hotspots out of the 36 recognized worldwide.

Biodiversity hotspots are regions that are both rich in endemic species and under significant threat of habitat loss. To qualify as a hotspot, an area must contain at least 1,500 endemic vascular plant species and have lost 70% or more of its original natural vegetation.

The 4 Biodiversity Hotspots in India

  • The Himalayas – Covers the entire Indian Himalayan region (including parts of Jammu & Kashmir, Ladakh, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh, etc.).
  • Indo-Burma – Includes most of North-East India (Meghalaya, Tripura, Mizoram, Nagaland, Manipur, parts of Assam) and the Andaman Islands.
  • Western Ghats – Runs along the western coast through Gujarat, Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu (also includes Sri Lanka as part of the larger hotspot).
  • Sundaland – Represented in India by the Nicobar Islands only.

Why Do These Hotspots Matter?

These four regions together support an extraordinary concentration of unique plants and animals found nowhere else on Earth. Protecting them is crucial not only for India’s ecological security but also for global biodiversity conservation.

Source: Conservation International & standard environmental geography references (as of 2026).

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