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what is the structure of neuron class 10


What is the Structure of a Neuron? Labeled Diagram and Functions Explained for Class 10
What is the Structure of a Neuron? Labeled Diagram and Functions Explained for Class 10

A neuron is the structural and functional unit of the nervous system. Understanding its structure and functions is very important for Class 10 Science.

https://botanysirhimansu.blogspot.com/2025/05/morphology-of-flowering-plants-neet.html

What is a Neuron?

A neuron (nerve cell) is a specialized cell that transmits nerve impulses from one part of the body to another.

Structure of a Neuron (Labeled Parts)

PartDescriptionFunction
Cell Body (Cyton)Contains nucleus and cytoplasmControls all activities of the neuron
DendritesShort branched fibresReceive nerve impulses from other neurons
AxonLong single fibreCarries nerve impulses away from the cell body
Myelin SheathInsulating covering around axonIncreases speed of nerve impulse
Node of RanvierGaps in myelin sheathHelps in faster conduction of impulse
Axon TerminalsEnd of axonTransmit impulse to next neuron or muscle
SynapseJunction between two neuronsAllows transmission of impulse

Functions of Neuron

  • Receives information from sensory organs
  • Transmits nerve impulses
  • Processes information in the brain and spinal cord
  • Sends commands to muscles and glands
  • Also read article

Types of Neurons

  • Sensory Neurons – Carry impulses from sense organs to the brain/spinal cord
  • Motor Neurons – Carry impulses from brain/spinal cord to muscles/glands
  • Relay (Inter) Neurons – Connect sensory and motor neurons
  • Also read article

Important Points for Class 10

  • Neuron is the longest cell in the human body.
  • Nerve impulse is an electrical signal.
  • Synapse allows one-way transmission of impulse.
  • Brain and spinal cord together form the Central Nervous System (CNS).

Practice drawing the labeled diagram of a neuron for better marks in exams!

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